.\"
.\"	aegis - project change supervisor
.\"	Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998 Peter Miller;
.\"	All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\"	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
.\"	the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
.\"	(at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\"	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\"	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\"	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\"	GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\"	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
.\"	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
.\"	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
.\"
.\" MANIFEST: User Guide, Appendix A: New Project Quick Reference
.\"
.bp
.if t .2C
.nh 1 "Appendix A: New Project Quick Reference"
.LP
For those of you too impatient to read a whole great big document
about how to use the aegis program,
this appendix gives a quick look at how
to place a project under aegis.
.LP
The style here is an itemized list.
It does not try to be exhaustive.
For exact details on how to use the various aegis commands,
you should see the manual pages,
ditto for the formats and contents of some files.
.LP
Probably the quickest start of all is to copy
an already existing project.
The project used in chapter 2 is complete,
assuming you use the author's "cook" dependency maintenance tool.
The entirety of this example may be found,
if slightly obfuscated,
in the aegis source file
.I "test/00/t0011a.sh"
distributed with aegis.
.nh 2 "Create the Project"
.LP
The
.I aenpr
command is used to create a project.
You must supply the name on the command line.
The name should be ten characters or less,
six characters or less if you want version numbers included.
.LP
The user who creates the project is the owner of the project,
and is set as the administrator.
The default group of the user who created the project
is used as the project's group.
.LP
You may want to have a user account which owns the project.
You must create the project as this user,
and then use the
.I aena
and
.I aera
commands to add an appropriate administrator,
and remove the owning user as an administrator.
After this, the password for the owning user may be disabled,
because the aegis program will,
at appropriate times,
set file ownership to reflect project ownership
or execute commands on behalf of the project owner \fIas\fP the project owner.
.nh 3 "Add the Staff"
.LP
The
.I aend
command is used to add developers.
The
.I aenrv
command is used to add reviewers.
The
.I aeni
command is used to add integrators.
These commands may only be performed by a project administrator.
.LP
You will still have to do this,
even if the person who created the project will be among these people,
or even be all of these people.
.nh 3 "Project Attributes"
.LP
The
.I aepa
command is used to change project attributes.
These attributes include the description of the project,
and booleans controlling whether, for example,
developers may review their own work.
.LP
The project attributes file is described in
the \fIaepattr\fP(5)
manual entry.
.nh 2 "Create Change One"
.LP
The
.I aenc
command is used to create a new change.
You will need to construct a change attributes file
with your favorite text editor before running this command.
.LP
The change attributes file is described in
the \fIaecattr\fP(5)
manual entry.
.nh 2 "Develop Change One"
.LP
This is the most grueling step.
Indeed, the integration step will probably reveal things you missed,
and you may return to the
.I "being developed"
 state several times.
.LP
One of the people you nominated as a developer
will have to use the
.I aedb
command to commence development of change 1.
The
.I aecd
command can be used to change directory into the
just-created development directory.
.LP
Add files to the change.
The
.I aenf
command is used to create new files.
If you don't use
.I aenf
then the aegis program has no way of knowing
whether that file lying there in the development directory is significant
to the project,
or just a shopping list of the groceries you forgot to buy yesterday.
.LP
One particular
new file which \fImust\fP be created by this change is the
.I "config"
file.
This tells the aegis program what history mechanism you wish to use,
what dependency maintenance command to use,
what file difference tools to use,
and much more.
The \fIaepconf\fP(5) manual entry describes this file.
.LP
If you are going to use the "cook" dependency maintenance tool,
another new file
you will need to create in this change is the "Howto.cook" file.
Some other tool will want some other rules file.
.LP
You probably have a prototype or some other "seed" you have sort-of
working.  Create new files for each source file
and \fIthen\fP copy the files from wherever they are now
into the development directory.
.LP
Use the
.I aeb
command to build the change.
It will need to build cleanly before it can advance to the next step.
.LP
Use the
.I aed
command to difference the change.
It will need to difference cleanly before it can advance to the next step.
.LP
Use the
.I aent
command to add new tests to the command.
It will need to have tests before it can advance to the next step.
.LP
Most existing projects don't have formal tests.
These tests will form a regression test-bed,
used to make sure that future changes never compromise
existing functionality.
.LP
Use the
.I aet
command to test the change.
It will need to test cleanly before it can advance to the next step.
.LP
Once the change builds, differences and tests cleanly,
use the
.I aede
command to end development.
At this point,
the mode of the files will be changed to read only,
preventing accidental modification of the files.
.nh 2 "Review The Change"
.LP
One of the people nominated as reviewers will have to run the
.I aerpass
command to say that the change passed review.
.LP
The aegis program does not mandate any particular review mechanism:
you could use a single peer to do the review,
you could use a panel,
you could set the project so that developers may review their own work
and effectively eliminating the review step.
In projects with as few as two people,
it is always beneficial for someone other than the developer to review changes.
.LP
Should a reviewer actually want to \fIsee\fP the change,
the
.I aecd
command may be used to change directory to the development directory of
the change.
The difference files all end with a "comma D" suffix, so the
.E(
.fi
more `find . -name "*,D" -print | sort`
.E)
command may be used to search them out and see them.
This is probably fairly useless for the first change,
but is vital for all subsequent changes.
There is a supplied alias for this command,
it is
.I aedmore
and there is a similar
.I aedless
alias if you prefer the
.I less (1)
command.
.LP
There are some facts that a reviewer \fIknows\fP because otherwise
the change would not be in the "being reviewed" state:
\(bu the change compiles cleanly,
\(bu the change passes all of its tests.
Other information about the change may be obtained
using the "change_details" variation of the
.I ael
command.
.LP
The
.I aerfail
command may also be used by reviewers to fail reviews
and return a change to the developer for further work;
the reviewer must supply a reason for the change history to record for all time.
Similarly,
the
.I aedeu
command may be used by the developer to resume development
of a change at any time before it is integrated;
no stated reason is required.
.nh 2 "Integrate the Change"
.LP
A person nominated as an project integrator
then integrates the change.
This involves making a copy of the integration directory,
applying the modifications described by the change to this
integration directory,
then building and testing all over again.
.LP
This re-build and re-test is to ensure that no
special aspect of the developers environment influenced the
success up to this point,
such as a unique environment variable setting.
The re-build also ensures that all of the files in the baseline,
remembering that this includes source files and all other intermediate files
required by the build process,
ensures that all of these files are consistent with each other,
that the baseline is self-consistent.
The definition of the baseline is that it passes its own tests,
so the tests are run on the baseline.
.LP
Use the
.I aeib
command to begin integration.
.LP
The
.I aeb
command is used to build the integration copy of the change.
.LP
The
.I aet
command is used to test the integration copy of the change.
.LP
On later changes,
the integration may also require the
.I "aet -bl"
command to test the change against the baseline.
This tests ensures that the test
.I fails
against the baseline.
This failure is to ensure that bug fixes are accompanied
by tests which reproduce the bug initially,
and that the change has fixed it.
New functionality, naturally,
will not be present in the old baseline,
and so tests of new functionality will also fail against the old baseline.
.LP
Later changes may also have the regression tests run,
using the
.I "aet -reg"
command.
This can be a very time-consuming step
for projects with a long history,
and thus a large collection of tests.
The
.I aet
command can also be used to run "representative" sets of existing tests,
but a full regression test run is recommended before a major release,
or, say, weekly if it will complete over the weekend.
This command is also available to developers,
so that they have fewer surprises from irate integrators.
.LP
The integrator may use the
.I aeifail
command to return a change to its developer for further work;
a reason must be supplied, and should include relevant excerpts from the build
log in the case of a build failure (not the \fIwhole\fP log!),
or a list of the tests which failed for test failures.
.LP
The 
.I aeipass
command may be used to pass an integration.
When the change passes,
the file histories are updated.
In the case of the first change,
the history is created,
and problems with the
.I "config"
file's history commands will
be revealed at this point.
The integration won't pass,
and should be failed,
so that the developer may effect repairs.
There are rarely problems at this point for subsequent changes,
except for disk space problems.
.LP
Once the history is successfully updated,
aegis renames the integration directory  as the baseline,
and throws the old baseline away.
The development directory is deleted at this time, too.
.nh 2 "What to do Next"
.LP
There,
the first change is completed.
The whole cycle may now be repeated,
starting at "Create Change,"
for all subsequent changes,
with very few differences.
.LP
It is recommended that you read the
.I "Change Development Cycle"
 chapter
for a full worked
example of the first four changes of an example project,
including some of the twists which occur in real-world use of aegis.
.LP
Remember, too, the definition:
.DS
\fBaegis\fP (ee.j.iz) \fIn.\fP a protection, a defence.
.DE
It is not always the case that aegis exists to make life "easier" for
the software engineers.
The goal is to have a baseline which always "works",
where "works" is defined as passing all of its own tests.
Wherever possible,
the aegis program attempts to be as helpful and as unintrusive as possible,
but when the "working" definition is threatened,
the aegis program intrudes as necessary.
(Example: you can't do an integrate pass without the integration copy
building successfully.)
.LP
All of the "extra work" of writing tests is a long-term win,
where old problems never again reappear.
All of the "extra work" of reviewing changes means that another pair of eyes
sights the code and finds potential problems before they manifest
themselves in shipped product.
All of the "extra work" of integration ensures that the baseline always works,
and is always self-consistent.
All of the "extra work" of having a baseline and separate
development directories allows multiple parallel development,
with no inter-developer interference;
and the baseline always works, it is never in an "in-between" state.
In each case,
not doing this "extra work" is a false economy.
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